Rural communities face higher poverty, lower educational attainment, and fewer public health resources than urban areas. Social determinants of health—like food deserts, transportation barriers, and limited job opportunities—strongly impact rural well-being.

Rural America is diverse, with varying health outcomes across regions and populations, including Blacks in the South, Latinos in the West, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders.

Rural residents are more likely to be uninsured, exposed to environmental hazards from agriculture and industry, and to lack broadband and telehealth access. Medical mistrust, misinformation, and discrimination further limit care.

Infrastructure challenges—especially scarce public transportation, hospitals, and specialty care—force many to travel long distances for services. Reliance on single-industry economies also leads to instability and persistent poverty.

Despite these barriers, rural communities show strong resilience and social connection. Improving infrastructure, broadband, transportation, and social supports is essential to advancing rural health.